Social Science Glossary

Social Science Glossary

Hi, my name is Alicia Roverselli and I'm studying in the Social Science program. It's been 3 years since I'm in this program, and I enjoy it a lot. My glossary will be mostly about anthropology and psychology terms. These terms can be useful when you need to understand a certain situation when you need to help another person for example, when you need to describe a phenomenon, or when you need to precise a certain word. In this glossary, there will be 20 terms, and I used my English Manuel for all the definitions below. Enjoy!

Age category
noun
A culturally defined category based on age used to define the life cycle, such as infant, child, teenager, young adult, adult, elderly.
Example: This gives an AGE CATEGORY of middle-mature adult.
en: catégorie d'âge
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Anthropobiology
noun
A branch of anthropology concerned with the biological and behavioral variation of human beings, other non-human primates, and extinct hominin ancestors of the human species.
Example: This person is specialized in ANTHROPOBIOLOGY
en: Anthropobiologie
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Code switching
noun
When a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation.
Example: In this section, I will talk about situational CODE SWITCHING and Metaphorical CODE SWITCHING in more detail.
en: commutation de code
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Evolutionary Psychology
noun
An approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological traits such as memory, perception, and language from a modern evolutionary perspective.
Example: "EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY provides a single unifying starting point for understanding why we think and behave as we do today."
en: psychologie évolutionnaire
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Expressive language disorder
noun
A communication disorder in which there are difficulties with verbal and written expression.
Example: This young adult has EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER
en: trouble du langage expressif
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Homo erectus
noun
An exctinct species of primitive hominid with upright stature but small brain, living between 1.9 million years ago and 70,000 years ago.
Example: It is large compared HOMO ERECTUS, which had brain capacity 1000cc in average.
en: l'homo erectus
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Homo Habilis
noun
An exctinct species of upright East African hominid having some advanced humanlike characteristics living between 2.8 and 1.5 million years ago.
Example: Modern 'human-like' limb and body proportions, (HOMO HABILIS, rudolfensis and Australopithecus gahri , (Foley 2001; Asfaw et al 1999)), reduced molar size and increased brain size of Homo ergaster all represent a shift away from ape-like morphology.
en: Homo Habilis
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negative sanction
noun
A punishment for violations of social norms.
Example: Society may punish a member with a NEGATIVE SANCTION or reward it with a positive one. For example positive sanctions may include: awards, fame, decoration, and negative sanctions: punishment, bad reputation.
en: sanction négative
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Pastoralism
noun
The branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock.
Example: The chalk downlands of Wessex were maintained as open landscape at least by PASTORALISM (Field, 2001).
en: pastoralisme
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Polyandry
noun
The marriage of one woman to several men at the same time.
Example: The results show that for species displaying POLYANDRY, the penile morphology tends to be more complex and specialized
en: polyandrie
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Positive sanction
noun
A reward for appropriate or admirable behavior that conforms with the social norms.
Example: At a football game, when a crowd cheers upon one team scoring against the other, this action is called a POSITIVE SANCTION
en: sanction positive
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Prosopagnosia
noun
A disorder of impared face perception.
Example: Another consequence of damage to the fusiform gyrus is PROSOPAGNOSIA; this is a disorder where the patient is unable recognise faces.
en: Prosopagnosie
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Pruning
noun
Elimination process of synapses, dendrites and certain nerve pathways rarely used or redundant.
Example: Thereafter a significant brain and nervous system development, beginning in the few months after birth and continuing through Averil's lifestage and into adolescence, is synaptic PRUNING.
en: élagage
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Pygmalion effect
noun
The phenomenon in which the greater the expectation placed upon people, the better they perfom.
Example: The PYGMALION EFFECT has been demonstrated in study after study.
en: effet pygmalion
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Recency effect
noun
The principle that the most recently presented items or experiences will most likely be remembered best.
Example: The RECENCY EFFECT is demonstrated by the fact that the last few items in a list are usually much better remembered than items from the middle of the list.
en: Effet de récence
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Retrograde amnesia
noun
Amnesia caused by a trauma such as concussion, in which the memory loss relates to material learnt before the trauma.
Example: Patients with this disorder usually suffer from some RETROGRADE AMNESIA as well, but their primary deficit is the inability to store any new information in long-term memory.
en: Amnésie rétrograde
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Sensory motor stage
noun
The first stage of Piaget's theory lasts from birth to approximately age two and is centered on the infant trying to make sense of the world.
Example: The SENSORY MOTOR STAGE typically takes place within the first two years of a child’s life.
en: Stade sensorimoteur
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Slip of the tongue
noun
A mistake in speaking where one word is substituted for another.
Example: for example 'hip-hop' and 'flip-flop', it is also possible that a SLIP OF THE TONGUE meant the subject was intending to say 'chip-shop'.
en: lapsus de langue
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Sociodrama
noun
A dramatic play in which several individuals act out assigned roles for the purpose of studying and remedying problems in group or collective relationships.
Example: The method of SOCIODRAMA , also developed by Moreno, focuses on group phenomena, collective ideologies, social values and norms.
en: sociodrame
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World view
noun
The beliefs about the world shared by the members of a society and represented in their myths, lore, ceremonies, social conduct, and values.
Example: For instance, the idea of human harmony with nature can access the status of value and inform a rational 'WORLD VIEW' compatible with the preservation of nature.
en: vision du monde
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  Introduction Of Myself Hello everyone. My name is Alicia Roverselli, and I'm studying in the program of Social Science, specifically in the society and environment program in the Social Science departement. In my program, we have classes like sociology, psychology, anthropology, and a lot more. I really love theses classes, because I enjoy studying the human behavior in the modern society. I also want to understand these behavior, so that I can help people feeling better, that's why I want to be in the future a psychologist or a criminologist. In my personnal life, I really love animals, especially dogs, that's why I got two dogs at home. I really enjoy skiing in the winter, and visiting my family back in France.  Thank you for reading me :) Alicia
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